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Effect of Incorporation of Sorghum Flour to Wheat Flour on Quality of Biscuits Fortified with Defatted Soy Flour
D. Mridula,R.K. Gupta,M.R. Manikantan
American Journal of Food Technology , 2007,
Abstract: Biscuits prepared from flour blends containing varying proportions of sorghum flour (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60%) and fortified with 5% defatted soy flour, were evaluated for different quality parameters. Spread ratio was decreased with increased proportions of sorghum flour in biscuits. Dough strength decreased but hardness, toughness, average breaking force and average breaking energy of biscuits increased (p<0.001) with increased proportions of sorghum flour. L* values decreased while a* value increased (p<0.001) with increased proportion of sorghum flour, resulting in the darkening of biscuit samples but on sensory evaluation, mean sensory scores for different level of sorghum flour incorporated biscuits fortified with 5% defatted soy flour, for all the sensory attributes, were more than the minimum acceptable score of 6 with highest overall acceptability at 10% sorghum flour level.
Effect of Roasting on Texture, Colour and Acceptability of Soybean for Making Sattu
Mridula D.,R.K. Goyal,V.K. Bhargav,M.R. Manikantan
American Journal of Food Technology , 2007,
Abstract: Effect of roasting on important physical properties and sensory acceptability of soybean for making sattu formulations was studied at three temperature (180, 200 and 220° C) and time (45, 60 and 75 sec) combinations. In general, GMD of soybean increased with increase in roasting temperature and time except for 75 sec. Hardness, toughness and average rupture force decreased with increase in roasting temperature and time except at 200 and 220° C for 75 sec time. L* value of roasted soybean decreased at increased temperatures while a* values increased with increased roasting temperature and time that affected hue and chroma of soybean. The lower hardness of soybean roasted at 200° C for 60 sec as compared to higher temperature and highest mean sensory scores for different attributes for soybean flour prepared from the soybean roasted at 200° C for 60 sec, make this temperature and time combination best for roasting of soybean for incorporating in sattu formulations. Roasted soybean flour can be incorporated up to 20% level but the best sensory acceptability of sattu formulation was observed with 10% soy flour level with 50% barley and 40% Bengal gram.
Mathematical modeling of drying kinetics of milky mushroom in a fluidized bed dryer
T. Arumuganathan,M.R. Manikantan,R.D. Rai,S. Anandakumar
International Agrophysics , 2009,
Abstract: Drying kinetics of milky mushroom slices (10 mm) in a fluidized bed dryer was studied at air temperatures of 50, 55 and 60°C. Drying of milky mushroom slices occurred in falling rate period. In order to select a suitable drying curve, eight thin layer-drying models were fitted to the experimental moisture ratio data. Among the mathematical models investigated, Wang and Singh model best described the drying behaviour of mushroom slices with high correlation coefficient (R2) values. The effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) of mushroom increased as the drying air temperature increased. The moisture diffusivity in milky mushroom was found to increase from 1.55 to 4.02 x 10-9 m2 s-1 during the initial stage of drying, and from 8.76 to 16.5 x 10-9 m2 s-1 during the later stage of drying. Drying at temperature of 60°C required minimum activation energy to detach and move the water during the drying process.
Short Term Effect of Consolidation on Profitability of Nigerian Banks
M.R Sanni
African Research Review , 2010,
Abstract: Has the 2006 consolidation of banks in Nigeria led to a significant change in the profitability [Earning Per Share (EPS)] of the banks? This paper examined the EPS of 13 out of the 25 post consolidation ‘mega’ banks. The banks examined are those that fairly retained their identities before and after the consolidation exercise. The three-year (2003-2005) pre consolidation EPS mean of the banks was compared with the three-year (2006-2008) post consolidation period. Using descriptive statistical method, the combined EPS of the banks changed but not significantly at 5% significant level when a paired sample t-test statistical method was used. Three of the banks however stood out. The change (an increase) in the EPS of two of them is significant while the change (a decrease) in the third one is also significant not only at 5% but at 1%. The findings here confirm the existing controversy on whether or not mergers or acquisitions lead to improved profitability. What is however clear is that barring any effect of the present global economic meltdown; it may take some time for the EPS of most of the banks to change significantly. Key Words: EPS Profitability Consolidation
Information and communication technology products: their gains and pains on Nigerian banking system
M.R Sanni
African Research Review , 2009,
Abstract: Year 2006 witnessed a banking revolution in Nigeria as the minimum paid up share capital of Nigerian banks was increased from N2 billion to N25 billion. With it came consolidation and stiff competition among the emerging “mega” banks resulting into investments in ICT. This paper considers the positive as well as the negative sides of some ICT products like ATM, e-banking, e-payment and e-commerce among others. It compares the investment by banks in ICT in the last three-years with the volume and value of banking transactions occasioned by such investment. It also considers savings from forgeries and frauds and concludes that the gains from ICT banking products far outweigh their shortcomings.
Oscillatory Gas Flow in a Circular Nanotube
M.R. King
The Open Nanoscience Journal , 2007, DOI: 10.2174/1874140100701010001]
Abstract: Gas flow through nanoscale conduits shows distinctly different physics compared to flow at the macroscale. One of the first manifestations of this is the appearance of wall slip. Here we consider the oscillatory flow of an incompressible Newtonian gas through a circular nanotube, with first order wall slip due to rarefaction. It was found that the major effect of wall slip at lower oscillation frequencies is to alter the instantaneous velocity profiles from Poiseuille-like to more plug-like, with an overall enhancement to the fluid velocity magnitude. However, at higher frequencies the enhancement to velocity magnitude due to wall slip is greatly diminished, and rarefaction introduces a region of backflow near the centerline of the nanotube. These flow characteristics may have important implications for the design of various practical applications of unsteady gas flow through nanoscale conduits, from fuel cell membranes to gas-powered nanomachines constructed from carbon nanotubes.
First Principles Studies of the Effect of Nitrogen Impurities on the Energy Gap of Rutile TiO2-xNx by Pseudopotential Approaches
M.R. Benam
Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , 2012, DOI: 10.3923/jeasci.2011.18.20
Abstract: We have studied the electrical properties of rutile TiO2-xNx compound which x is the fraction of Ni impurities and was chosen to be 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5. In the calculations, we have adopted a pseudopotential and supercell approach based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT) with GGA approximation for the Exchange-correlation potential as implemented in SIESTA code. We have calculated the band structure and Density of State (DOS) and therefore, the changes of the energy gap of this compound with nitrogen substitution in oxygen sites. The quality of the used pseudopotential was tested by comparing the calculated band structure and DOS using Full Potential Linear Augmented Plane Wave (FP-LAPW) and pseudopotential methods. The result shows that the energy gap of TiO2-xNx has decreases considerably due to the appearing of the N-2p orbitals in the bottom of the energy gap which is in good agreement with the recent experimental researches about the red shift of the threshold absorbance frequency of this compound which has made it an interesting photocatalysis in the visible spectrum of the solar radiation.
The role of hormone therapy in the treatment of osteoporosis
M.R Davey
Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa , 2010,
Abstract: The concerns raised by the findings of the Women’s Health Initiative study resulted in many practitioners no longer considering the use of menopausal hormone therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis. Subsequent re-analyses of this study, recent publications on the use of lower doses and different modes of delivery of hormone therapy, and data suggesting that certain women will receive longer-term fracture prevention even with short-term use have resulted in a reappraisal of the use of oestrogen and oestrogen plus progestin therapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. These issues are discussed, and based on these more recent analyses it is suggested that menopausal hormone therapy could still be considered a first-line option for osteoporosis prevention and treatment in certain patients.
Urethroscopic Management of Iatrogenic Urethral Injuries
M.R Nikoobakht
Tehran University Medical Journal , 2005,
Abstract: Background: This study was conducted to evaluate results of urethroscopic management of iatrogenic urethral injuries due to gynecological operations. Materials and Methods: From November 2001 till November 2003, 12 iatrogenic urethral injuries which were managed with mean time 12 hours (Range= 6-72) after gynecological operations were included in this study. 3 months after urethroscopy and distending, patients were evaluated with IVP. Mean time of clinical follow up was 12 months (range= 4-29). Results: 7 patients with urethral stricture were found and considering fluoroscopy guided urethral dilatation with balloon in 2 of them, urethroscopy and distending was successful in 6 patients (85/7%). In 5 patients with complete dissection of urethra, urethroscopy and distending was successful only in 1 of them (20%). All patients were discharged after 24 hours and in follow up IVP after 3 months. Results were satisfactory in 6 of 7 patients. One of patients needed re-distending due to stricture. Conclusion: Urethroscopic approach as first step in management of iatrogenic urethral injuries seems reasonable and cost benefit, specially in ligating lesions.
RESTITUIRI
M.R. Diaconescu
Jurnalul de Chirurgie , 2005,
Abstract:
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